Research led by Dr Helen Hodgetts and Professor Dylan Jones at Cardiff University has shown that pop-ups that appear on your screen to herald the arrival of new emails, tweets, etc. slow down your work by more than you think. The research showed that even an interruption of a few seconds loses us a disproportionate amount of time as we try to find our place.
This gem was reported in the Brighton Evening Argus, not normally the first place you look for the latest research.